Principles
I wish that someone had sat me down and told me to completely disregard the glossy magazines and fancy advertising. I'll tell you what worked for me below, I also can tell you what didn't work; two hours 3+ days per week, isolation movements, protein powders and a poor diet.
No amount of training will be effective if the foundations are weak.
Diet
No amount of training can overcome a poor diet. You are what you eat, it is as simple as that. In my youth, my downfall was alcohol, although it certainly wasn't the only thing. Simply put, alcohol is a poison. It dehydrates you, increases the risk of injury, impairs hormones i.e. testosterone and I missed many a workout as a result of feeling lousy the day after. All of that said, alcohol can make a good night into a great night but you get the idea. I still drink, but it is very occasional and no more than two units in one sitting.
I have experimented with different restrictive diets, and have found the high carb, low fat variety to be ineffective, counterproductive even. I have also read some research that indicates that humans don't actually need dietary fibre, if I find that article I will link below.
I few years ago, I spent a bit of time thinking about the food pyramid, and our history. Our species has not evolved eating carbohydrates. If you rewind to 1900, the dietary intake of refined sugar was less than 5g a year. A YEAR! Also bear in mind that your saliva contains 'salivary amylase' - this is an enzyme that you will find in your saliva (surprisingly) that begins to digest starch into simple sugars before you have even swallowed. Therefore, I think that is it fair to assume that consuming 20g of starch, as opposed to 20g of white sugar is going to have roughly the same result. Yes, you blood sugar will not spike quite as quickly as with the sugar, but it will still spike.
In addition, much of the food that we eat today is very different from even 40 years ago. Take apples as an example, the 'pink lady' variants that we now have been modified and bred to be sweeter, with a higher natural sugar content to be more palatable to the modern consumer. If you really think about it, we survived on a diet of meat and fish, which was available all year round, couple with in-season fruit and nuts. We didn't even begin to eat flour until a few thousand years ago, and flour is related to grass - it has just been modified over centuries.
Now the bulk of my meals are beef, lamb and egg heavy, and I use butter and lard freely. I try to keep milk and cream to a minimum. I'll have the odd apple, but that is generally the only fruit that I'll have. The calories in, calories out model is absolute horse shit in my opinion.
My final comment is this: I used to work with a guy who, in a previous life, was a pig farmer in Rochester. Do you know what he used to fatten up pigs? Whey protein, which at that time was a cheap waste product from the dairy industry.
Training regime
When I first hit the gym, I was very much enamoured by the fixed resistance machines, but after about a year I started to realise that machine strength didn't translate into real world strength or noticeable muscle. I then starting reading the magazines which were, in retrospect, a bad steer.
Once I had left the army, I had a bit more time and continuity to really train regular towards strength goals. This was going back about ten years, so my personal goals have changed from being able to perform a one arm press up, to kettlebell challenges but the underlying principles have not changed, and still guide me today:
1. SMART targets
SMART stands for specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and with a time frame. The goal of putting on some size is too open to interpretation. A better goal would be to grow your chest measurement to 46" from 40" in two months, or increase your max bench press to 100kg be Christmas. That way, you can look back at your performance over a couple of months and be able to see if you are heading in the right direction and adjust accordingly.
2. Keep a training diary
This is absolutely key. When I was younger I didn't keep any form of records. Consequently, from one month to the next by weight, reps and sets would change. There was zero consistency. Keeping a diary will allow you to see if you are progressing towards your goal or goals.
3. Plan your workouts
If you are able, I strongly recommend planning your workouts before you even step inside the gym. It can help you mentally prepare for what is coming up, and you will be able to focus on your workout as you won't have to think about what to do next, the weights to use etc. In addition, once you have written it down you are more likely to follow your workout through. Being able to look back over six months, and see your progression is very powerful indeed.
4. Stretch
Now I pay lip service to stretching, or I did, but even I recognise how important stretching is to my overall performance. For example, if you are tight in the calf, then your squat range of motion is going to be inhibited, stifling your gains. Another example is hamstrings; I must have the tightest hamstrings in the UK, and I have a restricted blood flow as a result. And a bad back on occasion.
5. Training environment
I think that I have trained in almost every gym within a ten mile radius of Ashford, where I currently live. Everyone has different preferences, but it is important to find a location that has at atmosphere that you can get along with. Not much equipment is needed, rather most of it is superfluous. I currently train at Muscle Hut in Ashford ashford-memberships — Muscle Hut Ltd (muscle-hut.com) which is excellent, the only negatives being that the loud music can be quite a distraction and the parking provision is a bit hit and miss and they have removed the kettlebells - I was the only person that used them! That said, it is clean, the kit works and there is plenty of it. Find somewhere that suits you. Ironworks Gym in Maidstone is also excellent. They have a 28kg kettlebell, one of the few gyms that does.
6. Sleep
ALL growth happens when you sleep. No sleep, no growth. Poor sleep, poor results. It is as simple as that